Brief History of Columbia, Missouri

Columbia, Missouri, has a rich history that dates back to the early 19th century. Here’s a brief overview:

1. Early Settlement and Founding (1818-1821):
   • The area that would become Columbia was initially inhabited by Native American tribes, primarily the Osage.
   • In 1818, a group of settlers led by James and John Gray established a settlement known as Smithton at the present-day site of Columbia.
   • In 1821, Smithton was chosen as the location for the University of Missouri, the first public university west of the Mississippi River. The town was subsequently renamed Columbia.
2. Educational Hub:
   • The University of Missouri was founded in 1839, and its presence has had a significant impact on the growth and development of Columbia. The university remains a central part of the city’s identity.
3. Civil War Influence (1861-1865):
   • During the Civil War, Columbia was occupied by both Confederate and Union forces at different times. The city was also the site of the Battle of Centralia in 1864.
4. Post-Civil War Reconstruction:
   • After the war, Columbia experienced a period of rebuilding and growth. The university continued to expand, and the city became a hub for education and culture in the region.
5. 20th Century Development:
   • The 20th century saw the continued growth of Columbia, with the city evolving into a regional center for education, healthcare, and commerce.
   • The population increased, and Columbia became known for its diverse economy, including education, healthcare, and agriculture.
6. Cultural and Economic Growth:
   • The city has a vibrant cultural scene with numerous festivals, music events, and a thriving arts community.
   • Columbia’s economy has been shaped by the presence of the university, as well as industries such as healthcare, insurance, and technology.
7. Modern Times:
   • Columbia continues to be a dynamic and growing city, attracting residents and businesses. The city’s commitment to education and cultural activities remains a defining characteristic.

Throughout its history, Columbia has undergone various transformations, but its role as an educational and cultural center has remained constant. The University of Missouri continues to be a key influence on the city’s development, and Columbia remains an integral part of Missouri’s history and identity.