Explore the Missouri State Capitol: A Tour of History

The Magnificent State Capitol on the banks of the Missouri River

There are some tours that you want to do by yourself and others that are done best with guidance. When it comes to the tour of the Missouri State Capitol, the latter certainly is better. And when it comes to Missouri State Capitol history, the story goes much deeper than you realize.

Our magnificent seat of government stands on the banks of the Missouri River. It is an imposing presence when you first see it. The bronze statue of Ceres stands on top of the domed roof. It rises more than 250 feet above ground level, which is already one of the highest points of Jefferson City. The giant columns flank the grand staircase. They symbolize the seat of power for a state born during a tipping point in American history. If you want to hear more of that history come alive, take the time to listen to the stories. The knowledgeable experts inside share these fascinating stories.

Early History

• 1820: When Missouri became a state, the first state legislature convened in St. Louis. Shortly after, Jefferson City was chosen as the state capital due to its central location along the Missouri River. Official government business took part in St. Charles until a permanent capitol was completed in mid-Missouri.
• 1826: The first Capitol building was completed in Jefferson City. This modest structure served until it was destroyed by fire in 1837.

Second Capitol

• 1838: A second Capitol building was constructed. It stood for over 70 years but was smaller and less ornate than the current Capitol.
• 1911: The second Capitol was destroyed by fire when struck by lightning.

Current Capitol

• 1911-1917: After the fire, Missouri began constructing its third and current Capitol. A design competition was held, and the architectural firm Tracy and Swartwout won with their Beaux-Arts design.
• 1917: The Capitol was completed, featuring a grand dome and rich decorative elements. It was built with Carthage marble (a type of Missouri limestone) and designed to show the grandeur of state government.

Architectural Highlights

• Dome: The Capitol’s dome rises 238 feet above ground level and is visible from miles away. Atop the dome is a bronze statue of Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture.
• Interior: The interior includes ornate murals, sculptures, and stained glass. Missouri artist Thomas Hart Benton painted the famous “A Social History of Missouri” murals in the House Lounge (see below).
• Rotunda: The rotunda features intricate mosaics and serves as a central gathering space.

Grounds and Monuments

• The Capitol grounds include many statues and memorials. These include the Lewis and Clark Monument and the Thomas Jefferson statue. There are also tributes to Missouri’s military history.
• The Missouri River flows nearby, providing a picturesque setting for the Capitol.

Preservation and Modern Use

• The Missouri State Capitol remains the center of state government. It houses the General Assembly, the Governor’s office, and other key departments.
• Over the years, restoration and preservation efforts have ensured the building’s structural integrity and historical significance.

The House Lounge

Many of us have been inside the capitol for one reason or another over the years. But you obtain a new appreciation for the building and its history with the daily tours. You can learn how the building was constructed and the stories of the artwork on the walls. Experts can also teach you about the famous Missourians who are immortalized in the halls. You also hear stories of what really happens inside the chambers. It’s a tour that leaves a lasting impression and provides a history lesson that is not soon forgotten.